Central banks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

National banks - Essay Example al bank savors the experience of the restraining infrastructure of collecting the budgetary base of a state and furthermore it do prints the national money which capacities and goes about as the state’s legitimate delicate. This specific establishment is viewed as autonomous from political intercession however confined guideline by the official and administrative bodies exists. The national bank appreciates administrative powers over other money related foundations. This aides in diminishing the hazard that business banks and other money related establishments may enjoy fake practices that may adversely influence a nation’s economy. A storehouse organization is a money related foundation like business bank, reserve funds bank and credit association that is legally allowed to get stores from its clients and give them business credits. The government storehouse organizations are constrained by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the United States. Storehouse organizations are additionally directed by the national bank in various manners in order to deal with the cash gracefully in the economy. They are likewise committed by the national bank to save the save essential as indicated. The national bank works as a broker, specialist and money related guide to the legislature. As an investor to the administration, it assumes a similar job as a business bank does to its clients. It keeps the records of both the focal government and the state government. It acknowledges installments from the administration and offers momentary credits to the legislature. It aggregates checks and drafts put in the administration account. It passes on abroad trade capitals to the legislature for repaying peripheral overdue debts or in the acquisition of remote merchandise. As a specialist to the administration, it gathers charges and different installments in the interest of the legislature. It likewise raises credits from the open subsequently overseeing open risk. The national bank additionally speaks to the legislature in outer monetary foundations in gatherings. It similarly goes about as a

The Definition Of The Golden Rule Is That Those With The Gold Essay Example For Students

The Definition Of The Golden Rule Is That Those With The Gold Essay make the principles. At the end of the day, those with the gold have the force aswell as those with the force have the gold. History books willdiscuss the general purposes behind war, for example, opportunity from difficulty orfreedom from religion. Be that as it may, the main problem for any war is the thirstfor force and control; and the way to fund them are the economicissues. Countries will suffer long stretches of battling for force and control. France and England battled each other for in excess of a hundred years tohave control of the Channel exchange courses. 1 This era of warringwas known as The Hundred Years War and is the longest war in recordhistory. It started in 1337 when King Edward III attacked Normandy andended in 1453 when France won the Battle of Bordeaux. Nonetheless, it wasnot a hundred years of consistent fight; there were times of trucesin between. 2One reason for the Hundred Years War was the case to theFrench seat. The contention started when the immediate line of successiondied without a male beneficiary and the nobles chose to pass the crown to acousin, Philip of Valois. Be that as it may, this left two other male cousinsequally meriting the crown; Charles, King of Navarre and EdwardIII, King of England. 3 Edward III guaranteed that he himself wasdeserving of the seat since his mom was the sister of the lateFrench lord, while Philip VI was just a cousin. However, concurring toFrench law, no ladies could acquire the seat, nor could the crown beinherited through a lady. 4Philip of Valois odds of turning out to be King of France had beenremote and he had not been raised as the future lieutenant of Godon Earth. Philip VI spent quite a bit of his assets on diversion andfinery with gay desert. 5 This caused struggle with the kingssubjects. Since the ruler was viewed as hallowed and inviolable,neither cousin would challenge Philip VI. Notwithstanding, they would exploitthe circumstance and King Edward III lost no time and attacked Normandywith a multitude of 10,000men. 6This prompts another reason for The Hundred Years War. Theland along the Channel and Atlantic coasts was Englands first line ofdefense against an intrusion. Britain held case to this territoryfrom the twelth century through the marriage of King Henry II andEleanor of Aquitaine. Ruler Edward III was resolved to pick up controlof the French coastline while furnishing himself with a bridgehead forfuture campaigns into France . 7But the significant reason for The Hundred Years War was the economicinterest the incomes to be gotten from this rich region. Winewas Gasgonys biggest fare item and significant wellspring of salary to thevassal. Fleece was Englands biggest fare item and the source ofits riches. English fields delivered wools that were the jealousy ofEurope which Flanders relied upon for its fleece and material market. 8English sheep producers offered their long fine fleece to weavers inFlanders, over the English Channel. Flemish weavers too asEnglish sheep producers relied upon this exchange for their business. In1336, Philip VI captured all the English shippers in Flanders andtook away all the benefits of the Flemish towns and the craftguilds. Bringing about the Flemings rebelling against the Frenchcontrol and making a collusion with England. 9 Consequently, theflourishing business sector of the mechanical urban areas of Ghent, Bruges, Antwerpand Ypres were normally pined for by the Kings of Fra nce and England. We will compose a custom article on The Definition Of The Golden Rule Is That Those With The Gold explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Also, the Bordeaux harbor was inside the fringes ofEnglish Gascony and was the focal point of the delivery and tradingindustry. Wares, for example, grains, dairy items, colors and saltwould be dispatched into Bordeaux through the Dordogne and Garonne Rivers andthe vendors were charged a traditions expense for these items. Also,Bordeaux would get obligations on wine, regardless of whether delivered in or developed onGascon soil. Thusly, the benefits from the tolls and customsmade Bordeaux the monetary capital of Gascony. Moreover, controlof neighboring regions, for example, Guyenne and Calais were economicallyvital. Their association with Bordeaux would guarantee England with a monopolyof the delivery and exchanging industry from Spain, Portugal andBrittany. 10France was the most extravagant nation in Europe and its military was muchlarger than Englands. Moreover, Frances armed force comprised of hiredmercenaries. Along these lines, France ought to have immediately vanquished England. Be that as it may, Frances armed force comprised of intensely defensively covered knights who were lessmobile against the dexterous English fighters. The French militaryleaders before long understood the bowman was the main compelling when fightinga pitched fight. Subsequently, France actualized a vital planwhich was to evade dynamic fighting and to use the procedure ofdiplomacy and concessions. Britain could win fights, however Francecould maintain a strategic distance from them. Pitched fights were acknowledged just when there wasno elective. Something else, France would strike unprotected towns andvillages, take what they could, at that point set them ablaze. 11Meanwhile, England could rely upon the devotion of hersubjects. The fighters were glad to get a compensation and enthusiastic tofight on French soil. They could benefit from the looting whiletheir homes didnt endure and harm. Also, England had superiormilitary strategies. They had culminated the battling procedure of thelon gbow drawn by free fighters. Despite the fact that the toxophilite were belowthe knight on the social stepping stool, they were not afraid to battle sideby side. Thusly, the bowman could crush the adequacy ofa French calvary charge. Likewise, King Edward III was famous withhis subjects. He would battle alongside his soldiers just as to thefolks at home. Also, his multi year old child, the Black Prince,was an amazing military pioneer. 12 He effectively proceeded to leadthe English militaries into fight against France. Accordingly, Englandwon the majority of the underlying fights and kept the war in France. 13One of the incomparable English triumphs was the fight at Crecy. .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 , .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 .postImageUrl , .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 , .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50:hover , .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50:visited , .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50:active { border:0!important; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50:active , .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ue6ecc1 6e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ue6ecc16e7dff3e3495a3fa8457f98b50:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Ameriacas Involvement In WWII EssayThe English were dwarfed four to one by the French, drove by PhilipVI. The English involved the side of a little slope, while the heavynumber of French men-at-arms and recruited Genoese crossbowmen were at thefoot of the slope on a plain. The English were prepared with their newlongbows close by. The Genoese crossbowmen assaulted the English, yet were tootired because of the long days walk and on account of a prior rainstorm,their crossbow strings were free. The Englishs longbow demonstrated to betoo much for the Genoese, so they dropped the crossbows and started torun. Lord Philip was so insulted at the Genoese activities, he had hismen-at-arms murder a significant number of them. At a certain point during this fight, the French ran over agroup of English knights drove by the Black Prince, the child of EdwardIII, got off from their ponies and not set up for the fight to come. AsEdward III knew about his children setback, he requested no guide be sent tohim and his men. This was to be his day. Gradually, bits of theFrench armed force started to escape, while the English armed force remained steadfast. Britain had won the primary incredible land skirmish of the long war. They had just won control of the English Channel and a couple yearslater, the town of Calais gave up to them on September 28, 1347. For the following ten years, battling was eased back. This was expected mostly tothe Black Death which murdered in excess of 33% of the populace. 14Initially, England dreaded they could always be unable to defendthemselves against a French intrusion. France had gigantic wealth,military distinction and a prevailing situation in European governmental issues. Notwithstanding, the Battles of Vrec

Brass Rat 2016

Brass Rat 2016 One of the hardest things to avoid at MIT is a sense of jadedness. After a few semesters of psets, midterms, finals, and projects, that once youthful prefrosh full of joy and excitement can seem a long way away. Ring Premiere, however, is one of those events that brings out the inner prefrosh in all of us. It’s the event where the Brass Rat for each class is revealed, and yesterday night the 2016 Brass Rat was revealed! We don’t hold to tradition and propriety very much at MIT the closest thing we have to an official school song is probably the Engineer’s Drinking Song but the Brass Rat is one of the few exceptions. From the direction you wear it on your hand, to the many references to punting/tooling/hacking, to the class-specific inside jokes, it’s cloaked in tradition. Plus, Iron Man wore it. This year’s Premiere wasn’t without its share of flaws, not dissimilar to the Sochi Olympics, another event suffering ring-related malfunctions and accusations of corruption. There were the usual charges of favoritism leveled at the Ring Committee of the 11 members, 10 are affiliated to a fraternity or sorority, and only 2 are from the east side of campus.  The RingComm chair is at least the 3rd in a row from the same fraternity, selected behind closed doors. The website malfunctioned for several hours while people tried to figure out where to buy a ring. And perhaps most ironically for a RingComm made of 5 mechanical engineering majors, they managed to put these seemingly nonfunctional gears on the shank (a metaphor for the grinding mismatched gears of bureaucracy?) In the end, though, no one will remember these nitpicks. Overdesigned as it is, with sometimes trivial details crammed into every square millimeter, awkward attempts at symbolism (a Newton’s cradle hanging from The Alchemist’s armpits?), and a beaver apparently sporting a black eye flaws and all, the Brass Rat is quintessentially MIT, and I wouldn’t have it any other way. Except for those stupid mismatched gears. ^ the class shank and seal shank, respectively.  I really like the Curiosity skycrane, MIT Police shield, and reference to last years massively epic snowball fight: ^ the hackers map on the underside of the ring.  I like the nod to Bexley Hall, the dorm thats set to be controversially demolished over the next few years Post Tagged #Brass Rat

Of Mice and Men Vocabulary and Key Terms

Kotchians Moral Dilemma - 1652 Words

Kotchian’s Moral Dilemma Carl Kotchian, President of Lockheed Aircraft Corp., was put in a under of series of circumstances which consequently decided the success of his company. When the times seemed dire, Kotchian initially did what any other leader of a business would do, look to cut costs and reduce product failures. However, when this was not enough, Kotchian explored the negotiation of a contract with All Nippon Airlines, Japan’s leading airlines for. Little did Kotchian know, negotiation was much performed much differently in Japan than in the United States, therefore, Marubeni was hired as a representative of Lockheed to manage relations with the Prime Minister ‘s†¦show more content†¦Those who inflicted the most damage had to be the Japanese official’s whose demands for bribes were perpetuated by Kotchian’s inability to deny their requests. By agreeing to pay the bribes, he was reinforcing their corrupted tendencies. Had he been combative of this injustice, J apanese’s tende may have been changed for future businessmen. Although the Japanese were harmed from a moral standpoint, they were not totally harmed by this transaction. Marubeni, for instance, was protected by Kotchian’s decisions. The unforeseen consequence of Kotchian neglecting the final payment would have resulted in a destroyed reputation. Not to mention, the inevitable destruction of his company. Furthermore, the middleman between Kotchian and Marubeni would have been in a conflict had he not correctly conveyed the appropriate demands of the Prime Minister. Thus, we begin to see that through the Utilitarian perspective, that the CEO’s actions were deemed morally permissible for many more than just Lockheed and Kotchian himself. From what has been previously discussed, there has not been a clear distinction of where utility was maximized in this situation. However, when the employees of Lockheed and its suppliers are taken into consideration, the pendulum swings directly in favor of Kotchian. Had he not participated in the bribes, first a deal would likely not have occurred, resulting in the financial crisis that would permanently cripple Lockheed.

War Outline Free Essays

Intro- It was mid-spring in the United States Capitol- Washington, DC, the grass was green and onlookers could take in the view of the Washington Monument. On the specific date of April 17, 1965, the streets were not only occupied by historical monuments and statues of American History, but also occupied of 25,000 outraged protesters against the Vietnam War. This rally, organized by the Students for a Democratic Society, was the first significant act of defiance towards the Unites States Government. We will write a custom essay sample on War Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now And this act of defiance was the beginning of a societal trend of abhorrence towards the Vietnam War. An angered country, defiance in Society and opposition in many households, is just the commencement of the Antiwar Movement. * Anti-War Movement (Overview): 1. A country-wide disapproval of the Vietnam War. a. â€Å"We weren’t on the wrong side in Vietnam, we were the wrong side. † –Daniel Ellsberg The most Dangerous Man in America.. b. Many Households disliked it because the number of people being drafted rapidly increased over two months and it affected them. . The deaths of the soldiers were twice as heartbreaking because they died in a war that their families disapproved of. 2. The Vietnam War was the first war to be played out in people’s homes (on their televisions and radios). d. Several different News Channels showed clips and photos taken by photographers and videographers in Vietnam. e. The general public couldn’t stand the realities of wa r, such as dying children and mass murders etc. f. This meant the general public scrutinized and judged it more often than previous wars. . It was even worse with the fact that most people didn’t see why the US army was involved in the first place * The Beginning of the Anti War Movement. * â€Å"Hey, Hey LBJ! How Many Kids Did You Kill Today? † * * Celebrities and The Anti War Movement. * Muhammad Ali. * Muhammad Ali, the world heavyweight boxing champion, refused to even consider going to Vietnam in 1966. * Called him a draft dodger and traitor because he refused to go to Vietnam because of his beliefs. Muhammad Ali also tore up his draft card and other men had followed his footsteps. * As a Muslim, he held war to be against his religious principles. * According to an article written by Jack Olsen in Sports Illustrated, the Governor of Illinois found Ali ‘disgusting’, and the Governor of Maine said Ali ‘should be held in utter contempt by every pat riotic American’. * An American Legion post in Miami asked people to ‘join in condemnation of this unpatriotic, loudmouthed, bombastic individual’. 2. * Washington DC Marches. April 17, 1965 * Organizers had expected about 2000 marchers. The actual count was about 25,000. * This was the largest anti-war protest to ever have been held in Washington DC at that time. * The number of marchers approximately equaling the number of US soldiers in Vietnam. * The college students’ main motive for this ‘gathering’ was to protest against the US bombing campaign. * November 27, 1965 * 35,000 anti-war protesters circle the White House then march on to the Washington Monument for a rally How to cite War Outline, Essay examples

Maslahah Mursalah Essay Example For Students

Maslahah Mursalah Essay TOPIC : MASLAHAH MURSALAH (CONSIDERATIONS OF PUBLIC INTEREST) DEFINITION †¢ Literal : benefit or interest – unrestricted public interest in the sense of not having been regulated by the Lawgiver no textual authority can be found on its validity or otherwise. Al Ghazali : consists of considerations which secure a benefit or prevent a harm but are, in the meantime, harmonious with the objectives (maqasid) of the Shariah. Technical : a consideration which is proper harmonious (wasf munasib mula’im) to the objectives of the Lawgiver, it secures a benefit or prevents a harm, the Syariah provides no indication as to its validity or otherwise. †¢ E. g . : Decision to issue currency , to establish prisons, to impose tax (kharaj) on agricultural lands in the conquered territories despite the fact that no textual authority can be found in its favour. †¢ derives its validity fr the norm that the basic purpose of legislation in Islam is to secure the welfare of the ppl by promoting their benefits or by protecting them against harm. The word â€Å"maslahah† – can neither be enumerated nor predicted in advance as they chg according to time circumstance. †¢ Majority of uelama : MM is a proper ground for legislation – when the maslahah is identified the mujtahid does not find an explicit ruling in the nass, he must act in its pursuit by taking the necessary steps to secure it. – therefore it is justified by saying that God’s purpose in revealing the Syariah is to promote man’s welfare to prevent corruption in the earth. The concept of MM does not apply to the rulings of the Prophet : When there is a Prophetic ruling in favour of a maslahah, it becomes part of the established law, hence no longer a MM. – from a historical vantage, the notion of MM originates in the practice of the Companions. This is not to say that the Prophet has not ruled in favour of maslahah, but merely to point out that as a principle of jurisprudence, MM does not apply to the rulings of Sunnah. EXAMPLES OF MM : ? Caliph Bakr also waged war on those who refused to pay the zakah, ? The rule for murder provided in the texts was that one life could be taken for one life by way of retaliation. It was not clear whether a number of persons could be subjected to qisas when they participated in killing in a single person. Caliph Umar decided that all of them shd be put to death. This rule is said to be based on the â€Å"preservation of life†, which is a purpose of Islamic law. This is strengthened by the words of the AQ :† in retaliation there is life for you†. Caliph Umar is reported to hv said (in this decision) that if all the ppl of Sana’a had conspired to kill a single person he wld put all of them to death. JUSTIFICATION OF MM : The main objection against the use of MM in particular and the concept of maslahah in general is that it is based upon the hikmah (wisdom) of the rule rather than on ethe illah. The jurists hv been very cautious in the use of hukm for the determination of laws. The principle of maslahah is more flexible and is bsed on an interplay of general principles and the maqasid are based on the hikmah underlying the various rules. Sometimes advanced is that it will be misused by ignorant ppl. The response to this is that the legal system must ensure that its professionals observe the proper methodology that meets the conditions imposed above. Further, the principle is to be used mostly by the judges of the Higher Ctts of the country and by the lawyers who assist these ctts. It is not up to every person to employ legal reasoning. PROOF (HUJJAH) OF MM : ? Surah Al Anbiya’ : 107 â€Å"We hv sent you but a mercy for all creatures† ? Surah Yunus : 75 â€Å"O mankind, a direction has come to you from your Lord, it is a healing for the ailments in your hearts.. the msg for these 2 phrases here transcends all barriers that divide the humanity, none must stand on the way of seeking mercy beneficience to human beings. ? Surah Al Maidah : 6 â€Å"God never intends to impose hardship upon ppl† God also described that His purpose in the revelation of religion of Islam is not a means of imposing hardship. ? Sunnah/Hadeeth : â€Å"harm is neither inflicted nor tolerated in Islam. † ? Sunnah/Hadeeth : â€Å"The Prophet did not choose but the easier of the two alternatives so long as it did not amount to a sin. ? Sunnah/Hadeeth : â€Å"Muslims are bound by their stipulations unless it be a condition which turns a haram into halal or a halal into haram. † base on these hadeeths seems to grant muslims the liberty to pursue their benefits to commit themselves to that effect provided that this does not amt to a violation of the explicit commands prohibitions of the Syariah. ? Sunnah/Hadeeth : â€Å"God loves to see that His concessions (rukhas) are observed in the same way that His strict laws (‘aza’im) are obeyed. † it is confirmed that no unnecessary rigour in the enforcement of the ahkam is recommended, that the Muslims should avail themselves of the flexibility concessions that the Lawgiver has granted them to utilize such in pursuit of the masalih. †¢ Imam Malik has given these following reasons for MM as a proof and basis of legislation : The Companions has validated it hv formulated the rules of Shariah on its basis. When the MM is compatible with the objectives of the Law giver or that it falls within the genus or category of what the lawgiver has expressly validated, it must be upheld. When MM is of the genus of the approved MM it is not upheld, the likely result would be to inflict hardship on the ppl, which must be prevented. TYPES OF MM 1. ESSENTIALS (DARURRIYAT) 5 essential value (al dharuriyyat al khamsah)s i. e. religion, life, intellect, lineage property – must not only be promoted but also be protected against any real or expected threat which undermine their safety. To uphold the faith would thus require observance of the prescribed forms of badat, whereas the safety of life and intellect is secured by obtaining lawful means of sustenance as well as the enforcement of penalties which the Shariah has provided so as to protect them against destructi on and loss. 2. COMPLEMENTARY (HAJIYYAT) the whole supplementary to the 5 essential values they refer to interests whose neglect leads to hardship in the life of the community although not to its collapse. Thus in the area of ibadat the concessions that the Shariah has granted to the sick to the traveler not to observe the fast, shorten the solat, are aimed a preventing hardship. . EMBELLISHMENTS (TAHSINIYYAT) refers to interests who realization leads to improvement the attainment of that which is desirable. Thus the observance of cleanliness in personal appearance ibadat, moral virtues, avoiding extravagance in consumption moderation in the enforcement of penalties fall within the scope of tahsiniyyat. CLASSIFICATIONS OF MASLAHAH : The scholars have divided maslahah into 3 categories : 1. Maslahah al Mu’tabarah 2. Maslaha al Mulgha 3. Maslahah Mursalah CONDITIONS OF MM .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .postImageUrl , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:hover , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:visited , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:active { border:0!important; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:active , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essays on Generoso Pharmaceutical and Chemicals Inc. EssayMM is employed when the jurists cannot find a rule for the case at hand through literal interpretation nor can he extend the meaning through strict analogy (qiyas), because there is no specific base (asl) from he can extend the rule by analogy. In other words, individual or specific evidences do not control the law anymore. The case now has to be settled by â€Å"looking at all the texts collectively†. This is achieved by referring to the purposes of Islamic law or the maqasid al syariah. The 1st thing that a jurist employing MM has to do is to â€Å" formulate a new principle that will control the problem b eing faced by him†. The new principle he has formulated must meet the following conditions i. e. : 1. MM must be genuine (haqiqiyyah). – must be a reasonable probability that the benefits of enacting a hukm in the pursuance of maslahah outweighs the harms that might accrue fr it. 2. MM must be general (kulliyah) in that it secures benefit, or prevents harm, to the ppl as a whole not to a particular person or group of persons – must contemplate a benefit to the largest possible number of ppl. – the whole concept of maslahah derives its validity fr the idea that it secures the welfare of the ppl at large. . MM is not conflict with a principle or value which is upheld by the nass (AQ Sunnah) or ijma’. – has to make sure that the new principle he has formulated does not clash with a text or existing principles (nass) and propositions of Islamic law or attempt to alter the implication of a text. 4. Maslahah must be rational (ma’qulah) acceptable to the ppl of soun d intellect. This is in reality means that the norm it promotes must be among the purposed of Islamic law recognized by the syariah. 5. it must prevent or remove hardship fr the ppl.